Mapaketi onyengerera ndi magawo otetezeka kwambiri munthawi ya brace strack, yomwe imachitapo kanthu mwatsatanetsatane.
Choyamba, komwe adachokera
Mu 1897, Herberfrood adapanga mapepala oyamba (pogwiritsa ntchito ulusi wa thonje) ndikuwagwiritsa ntchito ngodya zolumikizira mahatchi komanso magalimoto oyambilira, komwe kampani yotchuka padziko lapansi idakhazikitsidwa. Ndipo mu 1909, kampaniyo inapangitsa kuti kampaniyo ikhale yoyambirira yokhazikika ya dziko lapansi yokhazikika padziko lonse lapansi; Mu 1968, mapepala oyamba a Semu okhala ndi zitsulo oyambirirawo adapangidwa, ndipo kuyambira pamenepo, zinthu zachipembedzo zayamba kukhala ndi asbestos. Kunyumba ndi kunja kunayamba kuphunzira mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya asbestos monga chitsulo chotembere, fiber galasi, chiberekero cha kaboni, mbiti zina m'misika.
Chachiwiri, gulu la madzenje
Pali njira ziwiri zazikulu zolembera zida za makeke. Imodzi imagawidwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mabungwe. Monga magalimoto agalimoto amanyengerera, zopangira zida zamagetsi ndi zida zamagetsi. Njira yogawika ndiyosavuta komanso yosavuta kumva. Imodzi imagawidwa malinga ndi mtundu wazinthuzo. Njira yogawika imeneyi ndiyochulukirapo yasayansi. Zinthu zamakono zimaphatikizapo magulu atatu otsatirawa: Zipangizo zokhazikika zopangidwa (asbestos makeke, zomwe zidaswa makeke), mapepala opangidwa ndi mpweya), kaboni / kaboni
Chachitatu, zida zamagalimoto
1, mtundu wa zida zamagalimoto molingana ndi zinthu zopangira ndizosiyana. Itha kugawidwa mu pepala la asbestos, pepala lazitsulo kapena pepala lotsika, a Asbestos Free Statectrics) pepala, pepala la fodya.
1.1.Sastos
Kuyambira pachiyambipo, asbestos adagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zida zothandizira madamu, chifukwa mashebestos fiber ali ndi mphamvu kwambiri komanso kutentha kwa mapangidwe a manyowa ndi ma gasts. Chitsamba ichi chili ndi mphamvu zambiri, amatha kufanana ndi chitsulo chambiri, ndipo amatha kupirira kutentha kwambiri kwa 316. Imachotsedwa ku APhichale Ore, omwe amapezeka ambiri m'maiko ambiri. Zida za Asbestos makamaka zimagwiritsa ntchito Asbestos fiber, yemweyo magnesium silikaum (3mgo · 2Sio2h · 2h2o) monga kugwirizanitsa fiber. Kusewera posintha mikangano kumawonjezeredwa. Zinthu zopangidwa ndi matric zimapezeka pokakamiza zomatira mu nkhungu yotentha.
Pamaso pa 1970s. Ma sheet a asbestos amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri padziko lapansi. Ndi kulamuliridwa kwa nthawi yayitali. Komabe, chifukwa cha kusamutsa kutentha kwa ma asbestos. Kutentha kwanyengo sikungasungunuke mwachangu. Zimayambitsa kuwola kwa mafuta kwa mikangano kuti zitheke. Kuchulukitsa kuvala. M'menemo. Madzi a kristos a asbestos amawongoleredwa pamwamba 400 ℃. Katundu wamatsenga amachepetsedwa kwambiri ndipo kuvala kumawonjezeka kwambiri pamene itafika 550 ℃ kapena kupitilira. Madzi a kristal atayika kwambiri. Kupititsa patsogolo kwathunthu. Chachikulu koposa. Amatsimikiziridwa. Asbestos ndi chinthu chomwe chimawononga kwambiri ziwalo zopumira za anthu. Julayi 1989. Chitetezo cha Chitetezo cha US
1.2, pepala lachitsulo
Ndi mtundu watsopano wamatsenga omwe adapangidwa pamaziko a mikangano yachilengedwe komanso mikangano yazikhalidwe yachikhalidwe. Imagwiritsa ntchito ulusi wachitsulo m'malo mwa ulusi wa Asbestos. Ndi nkhani yopanda machenjerero a Asbestos yomwe idapangidwa ndi kampani ya American Bendis koyambirira kwa 1970s.
"Memi-Mel" Hibrid Brake Pads (Semi-Meti) imapangidwa makamaka ngati ubweya wa steil ngati fiber yolimbikitsa komanso osakaniza. Asbestos ndi osakhala a Asbestos Orgac Brake Ofts (Nao) amatha kusiyanitsidwa mosavuta ndi mawonekedwe ake (ulusi wabwino), ndipo alinso ndi maginito ena.
Semi-menic zida zamiyala ili ndi mawonekedwe otsatirawa:
(l) yokhazikika pansipa yolumikizana. Satulutsa kuwola kwa mafuta. Kukhazikika kwamphamvu;
(2) Kuthetsa bwino kukana. UTHENGA WA UTHENGA NDI 3-5 katatu ka nthumwi za Asbestos;
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(4) Zochita bwino kwambiri. Gawo la kutentha ndi laling'ono. Makamaka zabwino kwa zotsalira za smake;
(5) phokoso laling'ono.
United States, Europe, Japan ndi mayiko ena adayamba kulimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito madera akulu m'zaka 1960s. Kuthana ndi zosemphana ndi zitsulo za Semi-Zitsulo zoposa 25% kuposa za pepala la asbestos. Pakadali pano, imakhala ndi malo oyambilira mumsika wa braked ku China. Ndi magalimoto ambiri aku America. Makamaka magalimoto ndi magalimoto oyenda ndi magalimoto onyamula katundu. Semi-Mechi-Mel Brake zingwe zimawerengera zoposa 80%.
Komabe, malonda alinso ndi zophophonya izi:
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(4) Kuchulukitsa kwambiri.
Ngakhale "Semi-chitsulo" ilibe zophophonya zazing'ono, koma chifukwa cha zopumira zake zabwino, mtengo wotsika, ndiye kuti ndi zinthu zomwe mungakonde.
1.3. Filimu filimu
Kumayambiriro kwa m'ma 1980, panali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mabele a asbestos padziko lapansi, ndiye kuti, mbadwo wachitatu wa anthu a Asbestos. Cholinga chake ndikupanga zilema za chitsulo chosalala chimodzi chokhazikika, ulusi womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi fiberni, fiberni ya galasi, fiberni ya gribom, fiber ndi zina zotero. Chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito ulusi wambiri, ulusi mu ma brake zingwe zolumikizirana wina ndi mzake mu ntchito, ndipo ndizosavuta kupanga njira yokhazikika yogwiritsira ntchito njira yokwanira. Ubwino waukulu wa nao pepala ndikukhala ndi mphamvu yotsika mtengo kapena yambiri kutentha, kuchepetsa kuvala, kuchepetsa phokoso la scrace disc, ndikuyimira chitsogozo chapano wa chitukuko cha anthu. Zinthu zotsutsana zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mitundu yonse yotchuka ya Benz / Prododo brace ndi a Asbestos - omwe amatha kuthyolako kutentha kwanyengo, kuteteza moyo wa driver, ndikukulitsa moyo wa disc.
1.4, kaboni kaboni
Mitundu ya carbon canborte yogwirizana ndi mtundu wa zinthu zomwe zili ndi kaboni fiber yolimbikitsidwa. Malingaliro ake ndi abwino kwambiri. Kuchulukitsa kochepa (chitsulo chokha); Mulingo wambiri. Imakhala ndi kutentha kwambiri kuposa zinthu za ufa ndi chitsulo; Kulimba kwambiri; Palibe kusokoneza, kotsatira khhewomenon. Kutentha kogwiritsira ntchito mpaka 200 ℃; Kukangana kwabwino ndi kuvala magwiridwe antchito. Moyo wautumiki wautali. Kukongoletsa kokhazikika kumakhala kokhazikika komanso modekha pobowoleza. Kaganga-kaboni imagwiritsidwa ntchito koyamba mu ndege zankhondo. Pambuyo pake adakhazikitsidwa ndi formula 1 magalimoto othamanga, komwe ndiko kungogwiritsidwa ntchito kokha kwa kaboni kaboni mu mapepala omenyedwa.
Kachisinkhulidwe kaboni kaboni ndi zinthu zapadera zomwe zimakhala ndi matenthedwe, kuvala kukana, kusokonekera, kumapadera, mphamvu inayake, zotumphukira zina zambiri. Komabe, kagayidwe ka kaboni-ya kaboni imaphatikiziranso zophophonya: zosonyeza kuti ndizosagwirizana. Amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi chinyezi;
Kutsutsa kwa oxidation (oxidation kwambiri imachitika pamwamba pa 50 ° C mlengalenga). Zofunikira kwambiri zachilengedwe (zouma, zoyera); Ndizokwera mtengo kwambiri. Kugwiritsa ntchito kumangokhala m'minda yapadera. Ichi ndi chifukwa chachikulu chomwe chimalepheretsa kufooka zida zamabimo nkovuta kulimbikitsa kwambiri.
1.5, mikono yamimba
Monga chinthu chatsopano muzinthu zosokoneza. Mapadi a curramic ananyada ali ndi maubwino opanda phokoso, osagwa phulusa, palibe kuwonongeka kwa gub Hub, moyo wautali, kuteteza chilengedwe ndi kupitirira apo. Madambo a ceramic sket adapangidwa ndi makampani a ku Japan a pa 1990s. Pang'onopang'ono khalani okongoletsa atsopano a nkhalango yamoto.
Zoyimira wamba za zida za ceramic zidakhala c / C matanthauzo, ndiye kuti, kaboni firtive Carbider Carbide Manriting C / SIC. Ofufuzawo ochokera ku yunivesite ya Stuttgart ndi Germany Aerosceace kafukufuku yemwe adawerengera C / C Arsite pamunda wa mikangano, ndipo adapanga c / sic stack mapepala a porsche. Oak Ridge National labotanced ndi Hokellallyd Spoostites, ndi NeonelLumiclet REMES, ndi Chumally Stemsicle Commins Commised Cond
2, kaboni kaboni kaboni ceres:
1, poyerekeza ndi imvi yotayirira itamnthe tazy, kulemera kwa madambo a carton cleract achepetsedwa ndi 60%, ndipo osayimitsidwa ndi ma kilogalamu 23;
2, kukopeka kowoneka bwino kumakwera kwambiri, kuthamanga kwa brake kufinya kumawonjezeredwa ndipo ma brake atchent amachepetsedwa;
3, THEY TSIMOPEME YA ZINSINSI ZA Carramic Magawo Ochokera pa 0.1% mpaka 0.3%, yomwe ndi yamtengo wapatali kwambiri pazolinga za madenga;
4, Conramic disc pedpen akumva bwino kwambiri, imatha kupanga mphamvu yokhazikika mu gawo loyambira, kotero palibe chifukwa chonjezerani dongosolo lothandizira, ndipo kufupika kwathunthu kumachitika mwachangu komanso zazifupi kwambiri kuposa njira yachikhalidwe;
5, kuti musakane kutentha kwambiri, pali kutentha kwa kutentha pakati pa piston ndi burken imodzi;
6, Disct Brake Brake ili ndi nyengo yodabwitsa, ngati kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ndi njira yaulere yosinthira, ndi wamba
Post Nthawi: Sep-08-2023